2015年6月3日 星期三

Linkwitz Thor超低音



http://www.linkwitzlab.com/thor-intro.htm#Build
一開始就明白解釋超低音設計基礎原則
The most important factors to consider in the design of a subwoofer are volume displacement capability of the driver, acceptable cabinet size, and power amplifier requirements.
單體推動空氣量、可接受的箱體尺寸、需求擴大機功率,這三點顯然就打死了一堆天方夜譚的亂搞囉...


The driver chosen for this project is the Peerless XLS 830500, a 12" unit with a cone area Sd = 466 cm2 and a displacement of 12.5 mm peak, for a volume of 583 cm3. When placed in a sealed box, so that the speaker acts as an omni-directional, monopole source, it will theoretically produce a 20 Hz free-space sound pressure level of 90 dB SPL at 1 m distance, 102 dB at 40 Hz and 114 dB at 80 Hz.
這個例子用12"單體,衝程12.5mm!裝在密閉箱中,能推出114dB音壓!不過這是80Hz,
40Hz剩下102dB,再減半到20Hz,只剩下90dB(還好啦...)
這數字也隱含著一件事,既然物理定律如此,那,怎麼讓低頻平直延伸到20Hz?
加上EQ囉~
但空間效應呢?當然也得計入考量。

選擇密閉箱的目的在求得最純淨的聲音,低音反射式會慢一拍,不如密閉式乾淨。
再來問題會是箱子該多大?
先想件事,一個箱子,上面裝個振膜,整個密閉,這像不像個鼓?
沒錯啦,這就是個鼓,一敲那振膜,就會共振,冒出某個特定頻率,
倒過來想,那振膜若是個喇叭單體,當唱共振頻率時,就會被箱身加強,
箱身越大,共振頻率越低,
理想上,最好讓共振頻率低到20Hz以下,但那箱體會大得誇張不實用,只得選擇可接受的尺寸,再用其他手法處理。

Above resonance the moving mass, Mms = 166.3 g, dominates the driver motion according to force = mass x acceleration. At 80 Hz the peak cone acceleration is a = w2 Xmax = 3158 m/s2 and F = 525 N. Thus the peak current becomes Ip = 525 / 17.6 = 29.8 A. It would take an amplifier capable of delivering 3562 W into 8 ohm to drive the 830500 to full excursion! Clearly it is not feasible to obtain 114 dB SPL at 80 Hz, even 104 dB still takes 356 W.
這段計算明確推算出某個特定單體唱出多大音壓時需要多少功率,數字相當嚇人啊...
這下我們就可以理解為何鬼太鼓座成員得跑馬拉松鍛鍊體力了...
單體工作時,就是振膜往復運動,擴大機得對振膜做功(國中物理),讓振膜移動,動的越快,需要的功率越高,
振膜越重,需要的功率也越高,
但振膜輕,又會變形失真,不得不維持某個質量。

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